Why Are Skin Cancer Cases Increasing In India? Experts Explain Causes (Image Credits: iStock)
For years, many believed that skin cancer was rare in India due to the protective effects of melanin-rich skin. But recent trends tell a different story—cases of skin cancer are on the rise, raising concerns among doctors and researchers. What is driving this increase, and how can we stay protected? We got in touch with experts who share the main reason behind this.
What’s Behind the Surge in Skin Cancer Cases?
Dr Manit Gundavda, Consultant, Orthopaedic Oncology at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, explains that several factors are contributing to this worrying trend.
1. Increased UV Exposure – With changing lifestyles, people are spending more time outdoors without adequate sun protection, says Dr Gundavda. UV radiation is a major culprit in skin cancer cases worldwide, and India is no exception.
2. Ozone Layer Depletion – The thinning ozone layer means more harmful UV rays reach the earth, increasing the risk of skin damage. We used to assume that darker skin provided enough protection, but prolonged UV exposure can still cause DNA damage, leading to cancer, he adds.
3. Lifestyle and Environmental Changes – Many people spend hours indoors in air-conditioned offices and then step out suddenly into harsh sunlight. This abrupt transition can lead to cumulative sun damage, says Dr Gundavda. Pollution and climate change are also believed to play a role.
4. Delayed Diagnosis – Skin cancer is still not widely recognized in India, leading to late-stage diagnoses. Unlike Western countries, where people regularly get their skin checked, Indians tend to ignore early warning signs like non-healing wounds or changing moles, he says.
What Are the Signs Of Skin Cancer?
Dr Vinit Banga, Director of Neurology at Fortis Hospital, Faridabad, stresses the importance of knowing the warning signs. Early detection is key. Watch out for these symptoms and see a doctor if you notice any of them, he advises.
- A wound that does not heal.
- Changes in the size, colour, or shape of moles.
- A new lump or growth on the skin.
- Persistent itching, pain, or bleeding from a spot.
- Swelling or discolouration near the bones.
Many patients come in only when the cancer has advanced. By then, treatment is more challenging, warns Dr Banga.
How Is Skin Cancer Treated?
Skin cancer treatment requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Musculoskeletal oncology plays a crucial role, especially when the cancer spreads to deeper tissues or bones, explains Dr Gundavda. Here is how experts tackle the disease.
1. Early Diagnosis and Staging – Dermatologists and oncologists work together, using advanced imaging techniques like MRIs, CT scans, and biopsies to determine how far the cancer has spread.
2. Surgery – If caught early, wide local excision can remove the cancerous tissue while preserving function. In advanced cases where the tumour affects soft tissues or bones, limb-salvage surgery may be needed to avoid amputation, says Dr Gundavda.
3. Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy – New treatments like checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized skin cancer management, adds Dr Banga. These drugs help the immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells.
4. Radiation Therapy – This is often used when tumours are close to vital structures like joints or bones.
5. Rehabilitation and Follow-ups – Recovery does not stop at treatment. Post-surgical rehabilitation ensures mobility and regular check-ups help catch any recurrence early, explains Dr Gundavda.
How To Protect Yourself From Skin Cancer
Despite advances in treatment, prevention is always better than cure. Experts recommend the following:
- Use Sunscreen Daily – SPF 30 or higher is essential, even on cloudy days, says Dr Banga.
- Wear Protective Clothing – Long sleeves, sunglasses, and hats can shield your skin from harmful UV rays.
- Avoid Peak Sun Hours – Try to stay indoors between 10 AM and 4 PM when the sun’s rays are strongest.
- Check Your Skin Regularly – Look for new or changing moles, and consult a dermatologist if anything looks suspicious.
- Stay Hydrated and Maintain a Healthy Diet – A strong immune system can help protect against cancer.
Skin cancer awareness in India is still low, and that needs to change, says Dr Gundavda. People must learn to recognize the signs early and take preventive steps.
Get Latest News Live on Times Now along with Breaking News and Top Headlines from Health and around the world.
