Coughs, colds, and persistent flu-like symptoms are common, especially during seasonal changes. Most often, these are caused by viral or bacterial infections. However, in rare cases, what seems like a regular cold might be an early sign of something more severe, such as cancer. Certain symptoms may look like a cold but persist or worsen over time, which needs medical attention as it may be something serious like cancer. Here are five signs that could signal cancer.
A Persistent Cough That Won't Go Away
A lingering cough, especially one lasting more than three weeks, can be a warning sign. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), a chronic cough, particularly if accompanied by blood or a change in voice, could indicate lung cancer or throat cancer. Studies suggest that up to 57 per cent of patients with early-stage lung cancer report persistent coughing as their first symptom. If a cough is not responding to usual treatments, then it's time to consult a doctor.
Unexplained Weight Loss
While shedding a few pounds might seem like a success, losing weight without trying can be a red flag. A study published in the British Journal of General Practice revealed that unexplained weight loss may be a sign of certain cancers, such as stomach, pancreas, oesophagus, and lungs. When the body is fighting cancer, it burns more calories, which can lead to rapid weight loss even when dietary habits remain unchanged.
Recurrent Fevers or Infections
A cold or flu-like illness that recurs frequently might not just be a weakened immune system. The American Society of Hematology notes that recurrent infections can sometimes indicate leukaemia, a cancer of the blood-forming tissues. Leukaemia impairs the body’s ability to produce functional white blood cells, leading to frequent illnesses. If you notice repeated fevers or infections without a clear cause, a thorough medical evaluation is essential.
Persistent Fatigue
Fatigue is a symptom of many conditions, including colds and flu. However, cancer-related fatigue is often severe and doesn't improve with rest. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) explains that cancers like leukaemia, lymphoma, and colorectal cancer can cause fatigue due to the body's immune response and changes in metabolism. If you feel constantly drained even after adequate sleep, this could warrant further investigation.
Difficulty Swallowing or Chronic Sore Throat
A sore throat that lingers for weeks or difficulty swallowing food might be a sign of throat or oesophagal cancer. A study in the International Journal of Cancer found that persistent throat issues are among the early symptoms of these cancers. Pay attention if swallowing becomes painful, food feels "stuck," or you experience hoarseness that doesn't resolve.
When to Seek Help?
Not every lingering symptom is a sign of cancer. However, the American Cancer Society advises that any symptom persisting for more than three weeks or worsening over time should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. A detailed medical history, imaging, and blood tests can often identify the cause.
How to Reduce Your Risk?
While you can’t prevent all cancers, certain lifestyle changes can lower your risk.
- Quit smoking: Tobacco use is a leading cause of lung and throat cancers.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is linked to several cancers, including oesophagal and pancreatic cancer.
- Limit alcohol intake: Excessive drinking increases the risk of throat and liver cancers.
- Get regular checkups: Routine screenings, such as mammograms or colonoscopies, can detect cancers early when they are most treatable.
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