Prostate cancer stands as one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide. Often developing silently and showing no symptoms in its early stages, the disease can remain undetected until it has progressed significantly. Early detection plays a crucial role in improving outcomes, and the PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test has emerged as a vital tool in identifying prostate cancer before it advances.
Dr Vikas Agarwal, Director & HOD- Robotic Urology, Kidney Transplant, and Uro Oncology at Aakash Healthcare, New Delhi, explains the importance of this screening. “The PSA test measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen in a man’s blood. This protein, produced by both cancerous and non-cancerous prostate tissue, can indicate the need for further investigation if levels are elevated,” he shares.
According to Dr Agarwal, prostate cancer typically affects older men, with risk factors including age, family history, and race. “Many men with prostate cancer experience no symptoms, which makes routine screenings essential. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates,” he says.
What the PSA Test Involves
Dr Agarwal describes the PSA test as simple and non-invasive. “It requires only a blood sample, making it a convenient option for regular monitoring,” he says. Elevated PSA levels, while raising the suspicion of prostate cancer, are not definitive. “Factors like prostatitis or an enlarged prostate can also influence PSA levels. That’s why it’s critical to interpret results in the context of the patient’s overall health, age, and family history,” he stresses.
Benefits of PSA Testing
Dr Agarwal says that one of the test’s biggest advantages is its potential for early cancer detection. “When caught early, prostate cancer is more manageable, with better treatment outcomes,” he explains. Regular PSA testing also allows for the tracking of prostate health over time, providing valuable data for long-term management.
Limitations and Considerations
Despite its benefits, PSA testing has its limitations. “False positives can lead to unnecessary stress and additional testing, while false negatives might delay needed interventions,” cautions Dr Agarwal.
Overdiagnosis is another concern. “Not all prostate tumours grow aggressively; some may remain harmless. It’s important to weigh the risks and benefits and make personalised decisions about screening,” he advises.
As discussions around PSA testing continue, Dr Agarwal stresses its role as a cornerstone of prostate health care. “While not without challenges, PSA testing empowers men with the opportunity for early detection and improved outcomes in the fight against prostate cancer,” he concludes.
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